Monday, June 8, 2020

What are Brush Bristles Made of? Natural & Wire Fill


Everybody uses a brush for something, every day. The "working" part of the brush is the bristles. In the brush industry, the term "bristles" usually applies to a material that comes from a special kind of pig/hog. But hog bristles are not the only type of material used in brushes. For this reason, we use "FILL" material as a more generic term to refer to the working part of the brush.

Fill material can be broken down into three categories: Natural, Wire, and Synthetic.

Natural Fill Material
Gordon Brush® offers a wide selection of natural fill brushes for all applications: acid/sash brushes, flow thru brushes, artist brushes, forensic brushes, medical instrument brushes, and much more. Some of the natural fill materials we use are: hog bristle, horsehair, camel hair, goat hair, ox hair, Palmyra, pure red sable, red sable, sabeline, squirrel hair, Tampico, and a mixture of Tampico and horsehair.
              
Hog Bristle
Hog bristle is relatively scarce and expensive. This material has characteristics that set it apart as the best natural filling material for a wide variety of bristle brushes. Each strand of bristle has a natural taper from the butt or flesh end to the tip, giving it resilience not found in other hairs. In addition, the tip end of each bristle is naturally split into two or more branches called the flag. Hog bristle has a slightly stiff to very stiff texture and is brown or black in color excellent for ESD applications. It has excellent durability and water resistance.

               Horsehair
Horsehair is a medium to high cost material. Tail hair is stiffer than mane hair. Its soft to slightly stiff texture gives a scratch- free dry cleaning and has very good durability. Not resistant to acids or alkalis. Used for buffing, cleaning, dusting, and finishing in a variety of brush styles: floor sweeps, shoe shine brushes, tin handle acid brushes, counter dusters, and window brushes, excellent for ESD applications. Heat distortion temperature is 370°F.

Camel Hair
Camel Hair brushes are not usually made from camel hair. Rather, “camel hair” is a more generic term used for lower priced, soft hair that is commonly used for artist brushes.

Goat Hair
Goat hair is a very fine hair with limited elasticity. It has a natural kink that cannot be straightened. Used for short, soft bristle brushes like cosmetic brushes. Goat hair is available in natural black and white, and dyed in blue, brown, gold, green, gray, and purple.

Ox Hair
In proportion to its diameter, ox hair is perhaps the stiffest of all soft hairs. Ox hair is particularly sought after in artist or dental brushes for fine lettering, striping and marking brushes.

Palmyra
A cinnamon colored fiber produced from the base of the leaf stalks of the India Palmyra palm. It has a medium stiff to stiff texture and is light to dark brown in color. It is finer, less stiff, more brittle, and of lower quality than bassine. Used in garage floor brushes, fender washing brushes, deck brushes, and scrub brushes.

Pure Red Sable
Pure Red Sable hair has a perpetual taper, creating the finest point possible on a bristle brush.

Red Sable
The hair of the red sable is the most valuable of all soft hairs. It is very fine, has strong, sharp points and great elasticity and carries color well. Red sable hair makes the finest artists’ brushes, being particularly suited for use with Japan colors, oil colors and heavy- bodied sign- writing materials, and is best for fine lettering.

Sabeline
Sabeline hair comes from the ear hair of Oxen which are native to Northern Russian and Northern China. The hair is died to either a reddish or yellowish colors. Historically, Sabeline hair was sold as inexpensive Sable hair, and sometimes also as Red Sable hair. Sabeline is a good "go-to" brush for dry brush and for washes and fills. It does not have a tapered tip so is not great for detailed work. Sabeline hair diameter is larger than goat hair, but Sabeline has a great affinity for holding paint media plus a very smooth delivery. Sabeline makes a high quality long hair brush and that means it’s also excellent for organic lines and curves. Sabeline brushes are ideal for water based inks and paints.

Squirrel
Squirrel hair is divided into blue squirrel and Canadian squirrel. It is a very fine hair used for applying thin lacquers, Japan colors, light- bodied varnishes, and for general artwork, lettering and striping, as well as, cosmetic brushes.

Tampico
Tampico is produced in Mexico from the stalk of the Agave plant. Has a soft to medium texture and is off white in color. It is often dyed and blended to give the desired effects to a bristle brush. It is heat, alkali, and acid resistant. The porous fibers absorb water and work wet or dry. Tampico is more aggressive than nylon or horsehair. Used for removing surface particles and tool marks, dusting, wet scrubbing, cleaning, and spreading liquids. It is excellent for removing light feather burrs and for light edge blending when used with a compound. Heat distortion temperature is 283°F.

Wire Fill Material
Gordon Brush® has an extensive selection of wire fill brushes for all applications, including medical brushes, applicator brushes, conductive ESD brushes, clean room brushes, FDA-compatible brushes, and more. Some of the wire fill materials we use are: aluminum, brass, carbon steel, phosphor bronze, stainless steel, and titanium. Gordon Brush® also uses many of these materials in combination, for our two-headed brushes.

Aluminum
Aluminum is soft and non- corrosive. Bends easily and takes a set. It is recommended for special applications only. Brass: 360 alloy. Aluminum is the softest metal fiber available. It comes straight or crimped and is used for light to medium cleaning and luster finishing.

Carbon Steel
Carbon steel is available both tempered and un-tempered, in a variety of sizes, straight or crimped. This is a widely used metal fill material. It has excellent cutting ability and fatigue resistance for long brush life at a low cost. It is used for general- purpose cleaning, rust removal, deburring, edge blending, and roughing for adhesion.

Phosphor Bronze
C51000, phosphor bronze B, is non-sparking and about 1/5 as conductive as copper. It is stronger than brass [F73 Rockwell] and lasts longer. It resists corrosion and fatigue due to flexing.

Stainless Steel
Type 302 stainless is for wet and no rust applications in a variety of sizes, straight or crimped. Highly corrosion and heat resistant and unlike carbon steel, stainless steel does not leave after- rust deposits when used on stainless steel, aluminum, and other high strength alloys. However, once used on carbon steel it cannot be used on stainless steel or rusting can occur. Used in corrosive environments for general purpose cleaning, rust removal, deburring, edge blending, and roughing for adhesion. Stainless Steel is FDA approved and widely used in medical brushes, pharmaceutical brushes and food service brushes.


(to be continued.....)

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